os-cillation
システム開発
ソフトウェア開発者
このマニュアルにはXfce
4.4RC1をos-cillation
により提供されたグラフィカルインストールウィザードを使ってあなたのシステムにインストールする際に要求される手順が書かれています。
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006 os-cillation
この文書はthe Free Software Foundation により配布されたthe GNU General Public License（バージョン2またはあなたの考えに基づくそれ以降のもの）により配布されています。
2006年9月
Table of Contents
Installing software from source was mostly pain with Linux/Unix systems in the past. Even with proper autoconf'ed software packages, the process of configuring, building and installing is an error-prone task, especially if you want to configure the software in a custom way, it can be disturbing to dive into the software documentation just to figure what is required to enable this option. In addition its an uneasy task to keep track of installed files once more and more software packages are installed from source.
This installer was developed to address the issues mentioned above. It allows for smooth installation and uninstallation of software from source. This offers several advantages over alternative approaches:
It doesn't suffer from the dependency problems that arise with most binary based packaging systems, because everything is configured and build for the specific target system. This offers a great amount of portability.
It offers an intuitive and thereby easy to use wizard based graphical user interface.
It features an easy to use uninstallation tool, that allows you to cleanly remove the Xfce Desktop Environment from your computer later on.
Before
you start the installation process, you need to make sure that your
system is setup properly to run the installer. The installer itself
requires a properly working Gtk+ 2.6 (or above) installation,
whereupon both the Gtk+ runtime files and the Gtk+ development files
are required. Debian users should check if the package libgtk2.0-dev
is installed, whereas RedHat, Fedora, Mandrake and SuSE users should
check gtk2-devel.
In
addition to the Gtk+ package, the Xfce desktop environment also
requires the libraries libICE, libSM and
libXpm. These files are distributed as part of the X11
distribution. Debian users need to install the packages libice-dev,
libsm-dev and libxpm-dev.
RedHat, Fedora, Mandrake and SuSE users need either XFree86-devel
or xorg-x11-devel dependent upon the
X11 distribution - XFree86 or XOrg - in use, while Mandrake users
should also make sure that the package libxpm4-devel
is installed.
Some
Linux distributions have been reported to have obscure dependencies,
which allow you to install the development packages mentioned above,
without actually having a working build environment. Please check
that you have a working gcc (GNU C
Compiler) and a working cpp (C Pre
Processor) installed on your system prior to running the installer.
For example, if you use Fedora FC3, you need to make sure that the
package named cpp (which was at
cpp-3.4.2-6.fc3 at the time of this
writing) is installed on your system. In case of SuSE Linux, the
packages in question are usually named gcc
and cpp as well, although the exact
name may differ.
First
of all, you need to download the installer file
xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.run. See the Installer
Xfce page for download locations.
Once
downloaded, you need to mark the file xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.run
executable using the command:
$ chmod +x xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.runThe remainder of the installation process depends upon where you plan to install Xfce. You can either choose to install Xfce system-wide for all users (this is the preferable option) or you can choose to install Xfce for your user account only (most likely in some place below your home directory). Installing Xfce system-wide requires root access to the machine and therefore involves the following commands:
$ xhost +localhost $ su # ./xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.run
If the installer tells you that it is unable to connect to your X server, try the following commands instead:
$ xhost +localhost $ su # env DISPLAY=:0 ./xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.run
You
can also use sudo to run the installer
with root permissions (this requires you to setup sudo
properly first, see the supplied documentation for details):
$ sudo ./xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.runIn case you don't have root access to the system or just don't want to install Xfce system-wide, you need to run the installer as user, using the command:
$ ./xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.runThe installer now verifies the integrity of the downloaded file, extracts the installation wizard and the packaged software (this may take a while depending on the I/O performance of your computer) and performs some other steps required for the installation process. In case all these operations are successful, the output given on the terminal should look like this:
Verifying file integrity... OK. Extracting the installer... OK. Checking for usable C compiler... gcc Checking for usable C++ compiler... g++ Checking for GNU make... gmake Checking for package config tool... pkg-config Checking for GLib (GModule) >= 2.6.0... detected 2.10.3 in /usr/local Checking for Gtk+ >= 2.6.0... detected 2.8.17 in /usr/X11R6 Compiling installer-gui... OK. Running installer-gui...
In
case of a problem, the installer will report an error here and write
detailed information about problem to the file .xfce4.installer-log
in your home directory. Please include the relevant parts of this
file, when reporting problems to the forum.
A
common problem is that the installer is unable to find the Gtk+
installation on your system. This can have several causes, whereupon
the most prevalent cause is that you forgot to install the Gtk+
development files along with the runtime files, read the
section called “Preparations” for details on how to
fix this problem. If you are sure that you installed the Gtk+
development files, but the installer keeps on telling that it is
unable to detect Gtk+, you may need to set the environment variable
PKG_CONFIG_PATH to tell the installer where to find your
Gtk+ installation. For example, say you installed Gtk+ into
/opt/gtk2, you may need to execute the command
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/gtk2/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH" export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
prior to running the installer.
If everything goes well you will be presented with the graphical installation wizard. See the next section for details on the installation wizard.
Once the installation wizard starts up, it will display an introduction screen with information about the software that is going to be installed - Xfce Desktop Environment 4.4RC1 in this case - and where to ask for help if trouble strikes back. Click Next to continue with the installation.
The
next screen checks if all requirements for the successful
installation of the Xfce Desktop Environment are met. Besides the
requirements listed above, you need the ICE authorization helper tool
iceauth, which is part of the X11
distribution, and the perl modules URI::Escape,
URI::file, URI::URL
and XML::Parser, which usually ship
either as part of the perl package in your distribution or as
separate packages (you may also install the modules from CPAN).
You cannot continue from here until all of the requirements are met.
Once all of the system requirements are met, you can choose the features you want to include with this build. Select a feature from the list to see its description.
Now you need to specify the location where you plan to install Xfce to. If you started the installer as superuser you can choose virtually every directory you like. If you started the installer with your user account, you are mostly limited to locations below your home directory.
If you have Xfce installed already, e.g. say you have installed Xfce 4.4BETA1 using the installer, and want to upgrade this installation to Xfce 4.4RC1 now, just enter the same path here, that you used for the installation of Xfce 4.4BETA2 and the installer will take care of upgrading everything properly.
The setup for the installation is finished and the installer is ready to build and install Xfce now.
Xfce is now build and installed on your system, this will take a lot of time - around 30 minutes on decent i386 machine. You will be present with a button Error log if something fails. Click the button to see the log messages.
If the installation succeed, you will be prompted to complete the installation wizard, just click Done here. The installer will cleanup all temporary files used during the installation and terminate itself afterwards.
If
you use the GNOME Display Manager (gdm)
to start your X session, and did not select the option Setup
Display Managers during the installation or if for some reason
the installer was unable to setup gdm
properly, then you will have to manually create a .desktop
file to teach gdm about your fresh Xfce
4.4RC1 install.
A
sample xfce42.desktop file is generated in
$PREFIX/share/examples (where $PREFIX is
the prefix you chose) during the installation already. It is usually
enough to simply copy the example file to the Sessions
directory used by gdm; this directory
is usually located in /etc/dm/Sessions,
/etc/X11/gdm/Sessions, /usr/share/xsessions,
/usr/X11R6/share/gnome/xsessions or some other location,
refer to the documentation of your system for details. You need to
restart gdm after you copied the file.
Lets
say, you installed Xfce into /usr/local and your system
looks for available sessions in /usr/share/xsessions,
then you will need to perform the following step (as superuser) to
register Xfce with gdm:
cp /usr/local/share/examples/xfce44.desktop /usr/share/xsessions/xfce44.desktopIf
you use the KDE Display Manager (kdm)
to log in to your X desktop, and you did not select the option Setup
Display Managers during the installation or if for some reason
the installer was unable to setup kdm
properly, then you will have to manually create a .desktop
to teach kdm about your new Xfce 4.4RC1
installation. First, you need to locate the directory where kdm
searches for its .desktop files. The commands
kde-config locate kde.desktop locate mwm.desktop echo `kde-config --expandvars --install data`/kdm/sessions
may
help you to find locate directory. Common locations are
/usr/share/apps/kdm/sessions or
/usr/local/share/apps/kdm/sessions. Once you found the
kdm sessions directory, you need to
create a new file xfce44.desktop in this directory, with
the following content:
Example 1. An example xfce44.desktop file
[Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Type=XSession Exec=/usr/local/bin/startxfce4 TryExec=/usr/local/bin/startxfce4 Name=Xfce 4.4 Comment=The Xfce 4.4 Desktop Environment Comment[de]=Die Xfce 4.4 Desktop Umgebung
If
you didn't install Xfce into /usr/local, then you'll
have to adjust the Exec and TryExec lines
to match your installation.
Now
you can login to your new Xfce desktop using kdm.
If Xfce doesn't show up in kdm
afterwards, check the paths you put in the xfce44.desktop
file and try to restart kdm.
The installer tries to automatically detect a CDE installation on Unix systems if run as root and installs the following files (if not already present):
/usr/dt/config/Xsession.xfce4 /usr/dt/config/Xsession.xfce44 /usr/dt/config/C/Xresources.d/Xresources.xfce4 /usr/dt/appconfig/icons/C/Xfce4logo.pm
Once
the installation completed you can simply select Xfce 4.4
Desktop from dtlogins Sessions
menu to log into your newly installed Xfce. You might need to force
dtlogin to reread the list of installed
sessions first.
If you built Xfce against Xorg 6.8.0 or above and selected the feature Composition manager during the installation, you can now go on and enable transparency and window shadows in Xfce.
First
of all, the Composite extension has to be activated in your
/etc/X11/xorg.conf using the following section:
Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "Enable" EndSection
Be sure to restart your Xserver afterwards. On next login, you should see window shadows already and the panel should be transparent when the mouse pointer is outside the window area.
You
can make individual windows transparent or opaque using the small
utility transset which
is available from the freedesktop.org
CVS Server or as part of your Linux distribution. After
installing transset you can simply run
it and click on a window to make it transparent. You can choose how
much transparency you want. For example
$ transset .5will give 50% transparency (allowed range is 0 to 1, whereupon 0 means 100% opacity).
Please
be aware that the Xorg Composite extension is still under
development, and still includes quite a few bugs. Using the
composition manager can notably slow down your working environment if
your video card does not support the RENDER extension in hardware. It
is known to work well with NVidia
graphic cards using the nvidia driver,
especially if you add the line
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
in
the Device section of your xorg.conf. But take note,
that Xinerama or TwinView do not play well with Composite, so, for
now you can either use DualHead or Composite with the nvidia
driver.
If you decide to uninstall Xfce later on - though we doubt you will want to do this once you discovered the strength of Xfce - run the command
$ xfce4.uninstallwith the same user you installed Xfce earlier (e.g. prepend sudo if you installed as root). You will be presented with a graphical uninstallation wizard. The uninstallation process will start once you click Next, so be sure to check that you really want to uninstall Xfce before clicking Next.
Once confirmed, the uninstaller will start to remove the Xfce Desktop Environment from your system.
This
error message tells you that the configure script was
unable to verify that the C++ preprocessor is setup properly on your
system. You can most probably fix this problem by installing the g++
package for your distribution.
For
some reason the installation wizard is not able to connect to an
Xserver, which is required for the installer. This usually happens
when you use su, and su
in turn doesn't pass the DISPLAY environment variable
properly. Try to use the commands
$ xhost +localhost $ su --preserve-environment # ./xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.run
or
$ xhost +localhost $ su # env DISPLAY=:0 ./xfce4-4.4RC1-installer.run
instead
(replace :0 with your display name if required).
To report a problem or make a suggestion regarding the installer or this manual, use the Xfce forum at http://forum.xfce.org or point your IRC client to irc.freenode.net, join the channel #xfce and ask for help.
In case you want to request a new feature, please make clear why you consider it a worth addition for the installer. It is more likely that a new feature gets added if you provide good arguments for the feature.